Saturday, November 7, 2015

Bournvita contest? Now comes Horlicks quiz

Yahoo! India News   Thu, Mar 18, 2004

Top Stories                                                 Thursday March 18, 8:30 AM

Bournvita contest? Now comes Horlicks quiz

By Sudeshna Sarkar, Indo-Asian News Service 

Kathmandu, Mar 18 (IANS) If Indian schools can have a Bournvita quiz, why can't neighbouring Nepal have a Horlicks contest?
The first Interschool Horlicks Mathematics Quiz will kick off April 11, with the finals scheduled for May 29 after five rounds to be held in the five development regions of the country.
While the sponsors are the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline, which owns the nutritional product Horlicks, the organisers are a private school in Kavre district.
The Kathmandu University High School, which last year organised a maths quiz in the district attended by about 50 schools, was inspired by the response it got from students to think of launching it on a national level.
Say Govinda Rizal and Suman Bandhu Koirala, who represent the school's Mathematics Council: "Mathematics is taught in schools as a compulsory subject but the teaching lacks motivation.
"One of our objectives is to give learning maths a practical base and make it full of fun and challenges."
The district-level quiz had no major sponsor. The schools paid a registration fee of Rs.200 and Kathmandu University High School chipped in to host lunch for the participants, the teachers accompanying them and others.
However, this time, realising a national-level programme that would also require travelling to different regions, would need more funds, the organisers started looking for corporate sponsors.
"We approached potential sponsors and Rathin Senyal, Horlicks country director, and Gajendra Bajracharya of the same organisation invited us for a discussion," says Rizal.
According to the negotiations, while the Mathematics Council would conduct the quiz, Horlicks will provide financial support in lieu of having the quiz christened the Horlicks quiz.
Organisers would also have to include the Horlicks logo in all correspondence, use Horlicks products during the programmes and display Horlicks banners at all venues.
The company has re-launched its flagship brand Pleasurable Nourishment Horlicks in the local market in four flavours: regular, chocolate, vanilla and honey buzz in order to boost sales that slowed down in 2001. In 2002, sales declined by nine percent in Nepal.

Monday, November 2, 2015

RICE QUIZ - 1

1. What is the botanical name of Asian rice?

2. Which of the following region is not suitable for rice cultivation?

 a) Antarctica

b) Madagascar

c) Himalayas

d) Tropical rainforest

3. In which of these countries rice is the staple food?

a) Canada

b) China

c) Italy

4. How much of people's daily energy needs are met by rice in the developing world?

a) 27%

b) 10%

c) 50%

d) 100%

5. How much water is needed to grow a kilogram of rice?

a) 10 litres

b) 2000 litres

c) 10,000 litres

6. How long does a rice plant take to mature (on average)?
a) 3 to 6 hours

b) 3 to 6 weeks

c) 3 to 6 months

d) 3 to 6 years

7. How much rice does an average person in Myanmar eat each day?

a) Half gram

b) Half-kilogram

c) Half quintal

d) Half tonne


8. Which country exported the highest quantity of rice in 2015?

a) Thailand

b) Vietnam

c) USA

d) Philippines

9. How many varieties of rice are known?

a) 2300

b) 20000

c) 140000

10. HOW MANY SPECIES OF RICE ARE KNOWN?



11. In which country was rice first domesticated?



12. Which is the primary region of the origin of rice?

a) Indo china

b) WestAfrica

c) Mediterrnean




13. African Rice (Oryza glaberrima) originated in Inland delta of Upper Niger river. Which African country is located there today?

14. Which is the wild ancestor of the African rice (Oryza glaberrima)?

15. AfricaRice Center developed a high yielding rice by crossing Asian Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa aand the the hybrid is named as New Rice for Africa. What is this “New Rice for Africa” popularly known as?


16. Which of the following is not true about the NERICA rice?

a) Produce up to 400 grains per head

b) Contains 2 % more protein than its parental lines

c) Easy to harvest

d) Tolerant to submergence


17. Who was recognized with 2004 World Food Prize for his leadership in developing NERICA?

18. What is the ancient rice (Oryza brevilugata) called these days?

19. Who was the first Portuguese chronicler to mention rice growing in the Upper Guinea Coast in 1446?

20. What is the position of rice in worldwide production?



PUZZLE

1. Why is rice cold?


Wednesday, October 28, 2015

CONGRATULATIONS TO​ HER EXCELLENCY MADAM VIDHYA BHANDARI ON BEING BEING ELECTED AS THE​ PRESIDENT OF NEPAL

October 
28, 2015
To,
H
er
 
Excellency
Madam Vidhya Bhandari,
The President of
​ ​
Nepal
CONGRATULATIONS

Respected President,

I wish 
y
our Excellency
 
heartfelt congratulations
 
on being elected as the
​ ​
second president and first lady President
 
of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. I wish 
y
our Excellency good
 
luck.

Govinda Rizal,
Kyoto, Japan; govindarizal@gmail.com

Tuesday, October 27, 2015

Sunday, October 11, 2015

CONGRATULATIONS TO THE HIS EXCELLENCY ON BEING ELECTED AS THE THE PRIME MINISTER OF NEPAL

October 11, 2015
To,
His Excellency KP Sharma Oli,
The Prime Minister of Nepal
CONGRATULATIONS
Respected Prime Minister,
I wish to congratulate Your Excellency on being elected as the new prime minister and the head of the government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Your victory is the result of the Nepalese people’s faith in you, your commitment to bring positive changes in the country and need of maintaining harmonious relationship with the neighbors. Your determination to strengthen the people and the nation as a whole is commendable.
It is wonderful to see the enthusiastic support of the lawmakers and the people of Nepal. Expectations are high for a successful exercise of your determination to uphold the values of communal harmony, religious tolerance, freedom and pluralism within the extended framework of the unique federal democratic republic model in the region. May your people succeed in achieving their dreams and determinations under your competent leadership.
I once again wish Your Excellency the best of all luck in your successful term in the office as the prime minister.
Truly yours

Govinda Rizal, Bhutanese in Diaspora, Kyoto, Japan; govindarizal@gmail.com

Saturday, October 10, 2015

Global Information System on PGRFA

Published on Oct 9, 2015



The Global Information System on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture will make the search for deeper information on diverse data sets easier for the global community by creating a new global public good in the form of a digitized data pool on food plants. Since 2007 the seed treaty (ITPGRFA) has facilitated the pooling and exchange of crucial genetic material of the world’s most important food crops, supporting their collective management and encouraging their use – and maintaining the pooled material as a public good under the management of the global community. The new System will also make available key information that add value to the genetic resources for farmers, breeders, the seed sector and the scientific community.

Click on the icon



Watch VIDEO


Friday, October 9, 2015

IRRI at Young Rice Scientists Tutugunan ang kahirapan at Gutom sa Bansa


Ang International Rice Research Institute (IRRI ) sa Los Banos Laguna ay dinagsa ng mga “Young Rice Scientist’s” mula iba’t ibang lahi sa mundo kamakailan (Enero 27, 2015), Layunin nito na mapaunlad ang ating pag-aangkat ng bigas sa buong mundo. Para na rin sa kinabukasan ng mga susunod na henerasyon.
Pag dating ng grupo ng mga mamamahayag (after lunch), sinimulan ang programa, kasunod nito ang “GroudBreaking ceremony” ng Lloyd T. Evans plant Growth Facility.
Sa Pagsisimula ng Programa, ito ay pinangunahan nina Grant Singkleton at Janelle Jung. Ang nakapaloob sa nasabing Programa ay tinalakay ng mga bisita buhat sa ibat-ibang bansa:
  • Post-harvest losses by Rodents ( Scientist Nyo Me Htwe )
  • Induced mutations alter 0 13C values in C4 plants ( Scientist Govinda Rizal )
  • Supporting women alter in rice farming: Where can we contribute ( Scientist Pieter Rutsaert )
  • Testing C4 gene promoters ( Scientist Shanta Karki )
  • How learning alliance or adaptive management approach affects innovation ( Scientist Rica Joy Flor )
  • Increasing rice yield through pyramiding high value genes ( Scientist Ramkumar Gandhimari )
  • Targeted genome editing through CRISPR/Cas9 technology ( Scientist Akshaya K Biswal )
  • Enhancing rice straw management to mitigate environmental footprint ( Scientist Nguyen Van Hung )
  • Why getting muddy matters: Lessons learned from getting young scientists out of the lab and into the field. ( Scientist Janelle Jung )
  • SNP marker development for rice breeding ( Scientist Maria S Dwiyante )
  • Population structure in 3000 rice genomes ( Scientist Dmitri Chebotarev )
  • Mutagenesis for discovery of genes affecting the leaf vein density in a model C4 monocot ( Scientist Vivek Thakur )
  • Understanding adaptation of rice across varying environments: Traits, trait interactions and QTLs ( Scientist Shalabh Dixit )
  • Night inspiration and sink activity reveals high night temperature induced yield and quality loss and rice. ( Scientist Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna )
  • Effect of land configuration on water productivity and crop performance in rice-based cropping system. ( Scientist Krisha Devkota )
  • Biotect + breeding = healthier rice varieties ( Scientist Jessica Rey )
  • Setaria photosynthetic mutant screen using Plant Screen Phenotyping System ( Scientist Jolly Chatterjee )
  • C4 gene stacking ( Scientist HsiangChun Lin )


Nagkaisa ang mga Kabataang Scientists at mga miyembro ng International Rice Research Institute (IRRI ), na tugunan na mabawasan ang kahirapan at gutom sa Bansa. Sa pamamagitan nang malawakang produksiyon ng Bigas at kapaki-pakinabang sa kalikasan.

Ayon sa IRRI, ang mga magsasaka umano ang unang makikinabang sa mga makabagong teknik sa produksiyon ng bigas, na maging kuwalipikado ito sa merkado, at may siguridad na maiingatan ang kalusugan sa kung sinuman ang makakakain nito.

Sapagkat malaki ang suporta ng mga tumutulong na malalaking Bansa, Publiko at Pribadong Sektor na mapalago pa ang mga pasilidad ng pagsasanayan ng mgaScientist’s. Kung pagbabasihan sa pangangailangan ng bigas sa buong mundo, ito ay umabot na sa walo-hanggang sampung milyon tonelada na bigas ang kakailanganin sa loob ng isang taon at dapat na sa mababang halaga ito mabibili ng taong bayan.

Sumasabay din ang klima ng panahon na pabago-bago at madalas nakakadanas ng mga iba’t-ibang kalamidad. Nariyan na tumataas ang level ng tubig dagat, sa lupa, mainit na panahon, pagbaha at malalakas na ulan na siyang nagpapahirap sa ating mga magsasaka sa buong mundo.

Kaya dito nagsisimula na maglalaho ang sustansiya ng lupa, na siya ring dahilan sa paghina ng ani ng mga magsasaka sa mundo. Hindi na kataka-taka na umabot ng isa lang sa anim o mahigit na sa isang bilyon na tao ang nabubuhay sa kahirapan na halos hindi nakakatikim ng bigas bawat araw.

Samantala, patuloy rin na lumaki ang bilang ng malnutrisyon sa buong mundo, dahil sa epekto ng mababang produksiyon ng bigas, na hindi abot kaya ng mga mahihirap nating mga kababayan. kung kaya ganoon na lamang ang pagsisikap ng ating mga makabagong Scientists sa buong mundo.

Para sa kinabukasan, magpapatuloy ang pag-aaral upang matugunan ang suplay ng bigas sa buong mundo. Maingatan ito, maunawaan, maibahagi na gamit sa hinaharap itong Rice Genetic Diversity.

Ang sama-samang puwersa ng IRRI’s ay umabot na sa isang libo tatlong daan at limampu (1,310). Samanta umabot naman sa isang libo at isang daan(1,100) na ang mga headquarters sa Pilipinas, isang daan dalawampu(120) naman sa Bansang Bangladesh, limampu (50) sa India at sa iba pang lokasyon sa Asya at Aprika.

Kaya nag-iimbita pa ang IRRI ng mga bagong Scientist ng Bigas, para mabigyan ng tamang pagsasanay, upang mabawasan o maiwasan na ang malnutrisyon sa buong mundo. (Narisa P. Gonzales)


Writing Winning Scientific Proposals Training held for IRRI Post-Doctoral Fellow


Wednesday, 7 October 2015



29 Post-Doctoral Fellows attended the training on Writing Winning Scientific Proposals at the IRRI-HQ on 30 September 2015.

To give participants insights to the culture of competing for grants and awards, the processes of assessment, and the elements of successful and unsuccessful proposals were the aims of this workshop.

A one and a half-day, one-on-one writing​ coaching session with Dr. Camilla Myers of CSIRO Publishing,​ and​ Dr. Grant Singleton, Principal Scientist at IRRI capped the training activity. ​.

Training participants were: Sung Ryul Kim (PBGB), Anca Macovei (PBGB), Krishna Devkota (CESD), Toshishangba Chuba (PBGB), Nitika Sandhu (PBGB), Alexander Stuart (CESD), Govinda Rizal (C4), Nyo Me Htwe (CESD), Pieter Rutsaet (SSD), Bryce Blackman (TC), Shanta Karki (C4), Ambica Paliwal (SSD), Suchit Shrestha (CESD), Jolly Chaterjee (C4), Jae-Sung Lee (TTCGRC), Johnvie Goloran (CESD), Jessica Rey (PBGB), Ramkumar Gandhimani (PBGB), Prasad Senadheera (PBGB), Vivek Thakur (C4), Hsiang-Chun Lin (C4), Akshaya Kumar Biswal (C4), Ando Radanielson (CESD), Dmytro Chebotarov (TTCGRC), Hedia Tnani (PBGB), Robert Coe (C4), Maria Stephanie Dwiyanti (PBGB), Hung Van Nguyen (CESD), Millicent Sanciangco (TTCGRC).

For future Learning & Development programs, please contact irrihrs-opds@irri.org or call ext 2824. HRS Workplace Communications Article No. 2015-046


SOURCE

Publishing with Impact Course successfully held at IRRI-HQ.

Wednesday, 7 October 2015



On 28-29 September 2015, 24 Post-Doctoral Fellows attended the Publishing with Impact Course held at the IRRI-HQ.


This workshop aims to provide participants with skills and confidence to write scientific papers for successful publication in leading scientific journals.


Dr. Camilla Myers of CSIRO Publishing facilitated the course in cooperation with Dr. Grant Singleton, Principal Scientist at IRRI​.


Workshop attendees include: Alexander Stuart (CESD), Govinda Rizal (C4), Nyo Me Htwe (CESD), Pieter Rutsaet (SSD), Bryce Blackman (TC), Shanta Karki (C4), Ambica Paliwal (SSD), Suchit Shrestha (CESD), Jolly Chaterjee (C4), Jae-Sung Lee (TTCGRC), Johnvie Goloran (CESD), Jessica Rey (PBGB), Ramkumar Gandhimani (PBGB), Prasad Senadheera (PBGB), Vivek Thakur (C4), Hsiang-Chun Lin (C4), Akshaya Kumar Biswal (C4), Ando Radanielson (CESD), Dmytro Chebotarov (TTCGRC), Hedia Tnani (PBGB), Robert Coe (C4), Maria Stephanie Dwiyanti (PBGB), Hung Van Nguyen (CESD), Millicent Sanciangco (TTCGRC).

For future Learning & Development programs, please contact irrihrs-opds@irri.org or call ext 2824. HRS Workplace Communications Article No. 2015-045

Thursday, October 8, 2015

Top 10 IRRI Contributions to the World


The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), a dedicated international institute for rice research and training, was established in 1960 with the support of the Ford FoundationRockefeller Foundation and the Government of the Philippines.  Its headquarters is located in Los Baños, Laguna in the Philippines and offices are in at least sixteen countries. For over half a century, IRRI has been in fore-front of research, news, breakthroughs and in receiving awards.  Here I like to create a discussion to find out top 10 things that we remember, when we mention the term IRRI. I compiled 10 contributions that I feel put IRRI at the helm. I want to initiate a discussion to find other major contributions of IRRI. Feel free to share your opinion.

1. Yoshida Solution
In an in vivo hydroponics rice seedling culture system, rice seedling either germinated directly on the solution or obtained from tissue culture are grown in the solution for considerable time. The solution must have nutrients in right amount. In 1976, S Yoshida and his research team published the ingredients and recipes for preparation of culture solution. Today, this recipe is widely known and used as Yoshida solution.

Ref: Yoshida S, Forno D.A., Cock J.H. & Gomez K.A. (1976). Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice. IRRI, Manila. Philippines

2.  IR8
A year after the establishment of IRRI in 1962, Dr. Peter Jennings made 38 crosses of various varieties at IRRI. The eighth cross was between a dwarf variety known as Dee-geo-woo-gen (DGWG) and Peta, a tall variety. After cultivation for several generations uniform plants with high yield were selected, multiplied and distributed to farmers across the rice growing world that led to increase the rice yield that contributed to green revolution. The plants were about 120 cm tall, had strong culms, matured in 130 days- about a month earlier than the traditional varieties. Traditional varieties were averaging around one ton of rice per hectare of land (a hectare is 2.5 acres). Dr S. K. De Datta, published the result that said - the IR8 rice produced around 5 tons per hectare with no fertilizer and rose to almost 10 tons with 120 kg of nitrogen per hectare. That was 10 times the traditional rice yield. Later other lines with prefix IR , such as IR 64, IR 72, etc were released. In 2013, IRRI celebrated 100,000th cross.

Ref: http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/crops_17.html

3. Rice genebank
IRRI maintains the International Rice Genebank that holds with more than 127,000 rice accessions and wild relatives. Samples of rice found in different countries in the world are in IRRI for safe keeping, and for sharing the common public good. As the rice is gradually replaced from farmers’ field and from their natural habitat, IRRI maintains them. The seeds are stored in low temperature in specially designed gene bank where the seeds are kept viable for many decades. IRRI gives free samples of different types of rice seed to any prospective user (farmers, scientists, researchers, governments or other stakeholders) on request, according to the conditions of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.  A copy of all the collection have been deposited in Svalbard Global seed Voult ( Norway). This reserve bank of seeds is an attempt to preserve seeds in future.
Ref:  http://irri.org/our-work/research/genetic-diversity/international-rice-genebank

4. Whole genome (re)sequencing of rice
Though modestly referred in most publications, the then Biometrics and Bioinformatics Unit of International Rice Research Institute played a significant role in the whole genome sequencing. In 2002 the first rice genome sequencing was completed and it was published in 2005. Since then the genomics research in rice has increased dramatically.  At present, IRRI has completed whole genome sequencing of 3000 accessions of rice and is sequencing more accessions.
http://www.gigasciencejournal.com/content/3/1/7


6. Stress (Submergence, drought and salt) tolerant rice
IRRI has developed rices for drought, flood, submergence and salinity prone areas.  They have been released in Asia and Africa. Rice with SUB1 gene derived from an indica rice has been bred into local and high yielding varieties to develop rice which overcome submergence stresses. The SUB1A gene begins to work when the plants suffocates under water by making the metabolic activities in the plant dormant, conserving the vitality until the water level recedes.  The gene then works to induce tillering once the plant is above the water level. Rice with drought tolerant traits, salinity tolerant traits have been developed and released. They were welcomed by the farmers from the affected areas. 

7. Long-term continuous cropping experiment (LTCCE)
Unless challenged with examples of other longer experiments, this remains the longest experiment to study the effect of continuous intensive cropping in field without addition of fertilizer or crop residues. It was started in 1952 and more than 150 crops have been harvested from these plots. Even now the soil has remained fertile to yield 2 to 3 tons per hactre per crop.
Details are HERE

8. Central Luzon loop survey
​​​The Central Luzon Loop Survey was started by IRRI scientists in 1966 prior to the Green Revolution. It is believed to be the longest continuous survey in rice farming and of rice farm families. The survey is taken for every 4-5 years. The sample farms are selected from the six municipalities in Laguna province - namely: Bay, Binan, Cabuyao, Calamba, Calauan,and Sta. Rosa. The survey tracks the changes in the farmer adopted rice technology, cultural practices, land tenure, mechanization, and labor practices 
Details: HERE

Readers,

I am sure you don’t agree with some of the achievements above. So I leave the next two highlights to you to propose. Please provide support your claims.

9.

10.

Photo credits: IRRI Flickr
References: as cited or linked above.

Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Preparing for Leadership Module -Leading Teams



The second module of Preparing for Leadership Training Course for the second batch of Post Doctoral Fellows (PDF) was held on 21-23 September 2015  at the IRRI headquarters. The program was facilitated by Chris Dixon and Sharon Tudela of Growing Edge Limited, a Hong Kong based company providing executive coaching, leadership and organizational development training.

The course is part of IRRI's Leadership Development Architecture for PDFs. It consists of three modules: 1) Leading Self, 2) Leading Teams, and 3) Leading Resources. Target completion of the program will take place in 2016.

A total of 15 
PDFs based in Headquarters and Country Offices participated in the program namely: Alexander Struart (CESD), Govinda Rizal (C4), Shalabh Dixit (PBGB), Nikolaos Tsakirpaloglou (PBGB), Nyo Me Htwe (CESD), Pieter Rutsaert (SSD), Bryce Blackman (TC), Gudina Feyisa(SSD), Shanta Karki (C4), Geoffrey Onaga (PBGB), Ambica Paliwal (SSD), Suchit Shrestha (CESD), Jae Sung Lee (TTCGRC), Johnvie Goloran (CESD) & Millicent Sanciangco (TTCGRC). 

The program is supported by the Deputy Director General for Research (DDG-R) Matthew Morell, Principal Scientist Grant Singleton, and Director for Human Resource Services (HRS), Christine Croombes.

A welcome dinner party was also organized for PDFs on the first day of the program. 


For inquiries on future Learning & Development (L&D) Programs at IRRI, please contact HRS Organization & People Development Services (HRS-OPDS) at irrihrs-opds@irri.org or access the L&D online calendar at myhr.irri.org. HRS Workplace Communications Article No. 2015-044

SOURCE: IRRINEWS

Monday, September 21, 2015

CONGRATULATIONS TO THE PEOPLE OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL ON THE ADOPTION OF NEW CONSTITUTION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY AND BEYOND

20 September 2015
To,
Honorable Dr Ram Baran Yadav,
The President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal,
Sital Niwas, Kathmandu, Nepal

Re: CONGRATULATIONS TO THE PEOPLE OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL ON THE ADOPTION OF NEW CONSTITUTION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY AND BEYOND
Honorable President,
It gives us immense pleasure to extend, on behalf of the Bhutanese people, our most cordial congratulations to the people and leaders on the occasion of the adoption of the constitution of Nepal. We have learnt that the process of writing the constitution was a long exercise, wherein exemplary efforts were made to reach to the people, collect their diverse expectations and needs, and accommodate them. We firmly believe that the years of investment in drafting the constitution have yielded peoples’ constitution that serves for the present and the future generations. Once again, Nepal has set a positive example in the region.
We are impressed by the wisdom of the Nepalese leaderships’ successful struggle to envision and inscribe vision for freedom, harmony, peace, prosperity and pride for the citizen of a sovereign nation and their right to decide their own future. We join hands in appreciating and supporting the visions and aspirations of Nepali people in building a strong, sustainable nation. We again congratulate you all for the successful promulgation of peoples’ constitution.
On behalf of the Bhutanese in the Diaspora and within Bhutan
Govinda Rizal, PhD, Kyoto Japan
Narayan Sharma, Maryland USA
Bhola Shiwakoti, Colorado USA
KB Chauhan, USA
Tika Adhikari, Canada
Mohan Raut, New Zealand
Ram Karki, The Netherlands

Sushil Niroula, Australia

Wednesday, September 2, 2015

RIZAL Researchers across the world.




PT.epson batam




















































Independent Researcher









KJPP BDR










Ormas ISAFAT Sumatera Barat












































komando menwa






HANJUNG
































Medina Multi Mitra











































































DEMO Consultants BV

































Rizal Awaludin; Ministry Of Industry, Indonesia





Rizal Damanik; Asia Pacific Nutrition Centre, Monash Asia Institute
































Rizal Pangaribuan; Bukit Sion









































Rizal Abdul Aziz; Freelance













rizal raoul Reyes; Independent Researcher









Ahmad Rizal Abd Razak; Cradle Fund Sdn Bhd






Ahmad Rizal Sultan; State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang




Shamsul Rizal Mohd Rosedi; Malaysian Maritime Academy









































Pramod Rijal; Ed Mark Academy

















































Yusron Rijal; stmik yadika bangil




Arun Rijal; People Plant Protection, Nepal






















Nitesh Rijal; Independent Researcher















Dilli Rijal; Tromsø Museum, Universitetet i Tromsø





Jhalendra Rijal; University of California








Sam er rijal; microwave lab



































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